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<h1 class="article_title">c++涓殑宸﹀�間笌鍙沖�?/h1>
<div class="article_author">娣誨姞鏃墮棿錛?016-12-20 17:07:09 鏂囩珷浣滆�咃細<a href="/">嫻庡崡杞歡寮�鍙?/a> 嫻忚嬈℃暟錛?Script Language="Javascript" Src="/item/GetHits.asp?Action=Count&GetFlag=0&m=1&ID=3059"></Script></div>
<div class="article_main"><div id="MyContent"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 15px 0px 0px; line-height: 30px; font-family: 瀹嬩綋; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13.3333px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(241, 241, 241);">宸﹀�?lvalue),鍙沖�?rvalue)鏄竴涓瘮杈冩櫐娑╃殑姒傚康錛屾湁浜涗漢鍙兘鐢氳嚦娌℃湁鍚繃錛屼絾榪欎釜姒傚康鍒頒簡c++11鍚庯紝鍗村彉寰楀崄鍒嗛噸瑕侊紝瀹冧滑鏄悊瑙ove(),forward()絳夋柊璇箟鐨勫熀紜�銆?/p><p> </p><p><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">閭ｄ粈涔堟槸宸﹀�煎彸鍊煎憿錛?/strong></p><p> </p><p>宸﹀�間笌鍙沖�艱繖涓ゆ蹇墊槸浠巆涓紶鎵胯�屾潵鐨勶紝鍦╟涓紝宸﹀�兼寚鐨勬槸鑳藉鍑虹幇鍦ㄧ瓑鍙峰乏杈瑰強鍙寵竟鐨勫彉閲?琛ㄨ揪寮?, 鍙沖�兼寚鐨勬槸鍙兘鍑虹幇鍦ㄧ瓑鍙峰彸杈圭殑鍙橀噺(琛ㄨ揪寮?.</p><p> </p><p>澶嶅埗浠ｇ爜</p><p>int a;</p><p>int b;</p><p> </p><p>a = 3;</p><p>b = 4;</p><p>a = b;</p><p>b = a;</p><p> </p><p>//涓嶅悎娉曘�?/p><p> </p><p>3 = a;</p><p>a+b = 4;</p><p>澶嶅埗浠ｇ爜</p><p>閫氬父鏉ヨ錛屾湁鍚嶅瓧鐨勫彉閲忓氨鏄乏鍊?濡備笂闈緥瀛愪腑鐨刟, b)錛岃�岀敱榪愮畻(鍔犲噺涔橀櫎錛屽嚱鏁拌皟鐢ㄨ繑鍥炲�肩瓑)浜х敓鐨勪腑闂寸粨鏋?娌℃湁鍚嶅瓧)灝辨槸鍙沖�鹼紝濡備笂鐨?+4錛?a + b絳夈�?/p><p> </p><p>鎴戜滑鏆備笖鍙互璁や負錛氬乏鍊煎氨鏄湪紼嬪簭涓兘澶熷鍊肩殑涓滆タ錛屽彸鍊煎氨鏄病娉曞彇鍒板畠鐨勫湴鍧�鐨勪笢瑗?涓嶅畬鍏ㄥ噯紜?銆?/p><p> </p><p>濡備笂姒傚康鍒頒簡c++涓紝灝卞彉寰楃◢鏈変笉鍚屻�?/p><p> </p><p>鍦╟++涓紝姣忎竴涓〃杈懼紡閮戒細浜х敓涓�涓乏鍊鹼紝鎴栬�呭彸鍊鹼紝鐩稿簲鐨勶紝璇ヨ〃杈懼紡涔熷氨琚О浣溾�滃乏鍊艱〃杈懼紡鈥濓紝鈥滃彸鍊艱〃杈懼紡鈥濄�傚浜庡唴緗殑鏁版嵁綾誨瀷鏉ヨ(build-in types)錛屽乏鍊煎彸鍊肩殑姒傚康鍜宑鐨勬病鏈夊お澶氫笉鍚岋紝涓嶅悓鐨勫湴鏂瑰湪浜庤嚜瀹氫箟鐨勭被鍨嬨�?/p><p> </p><p>鑰屼笖榪欑涓嶅悓姣旇緝瀹規槗璁╀漢娣鋒穯:</p><p> </p><p>1)瀵逛簬鍐呯疆鐨勭被鍨嬶紝鍙沖�兼槸涓嶅彲琚慨鏀圭殑(non-modifiable)錛屼篃涓嶅彲琚玞onst, volatile鎵�淇グ(cv-qualitification ignored)</p><p> </p><p>2)瀵逛簬鑷畾涔夌殑綾誨瀷(user-defined types), 鍙沖�煎嵈鍏佽閫氳繃瀹冪殑鎴愬憳鍑芥暟榪涜淇敼銆?/p><p> </p><p>瀵逛簬1),榪欐槸鍜宑鏄竴鑷寸殑錛?)鍗存槸c++涓墍鐙湁, 鍥犳錛屽鏋滀綘鐪嬪埌c++涓涓嬬殑鍐欐硶錛屼篃璁告湁浼氫簺鎯婅錛?/p><p> </p><p>澶嶅埗浠ｇ爜</p><p>class cs</p><p>{</p><p> public:</p><p> </p><p> cs(int i): i_(i) { cout << "cs(" << i <<") constructor!" << endl; }</p><p> ~cs() { cout << "cs destructor,i(" << i_ << ")" << endl; }</p><p> </p><p> cs& operator=(const cs& other)</p><p> {</p><p> i_ = other.i_;</p><p> cout << "cs operator=()" << endl;</p><p> return *this;</p><p> }</p><p> </p><p> int get_i() const { return i_; }</p><p> void change(int i) { i_ = i; }</p><p> </p><p> private:</p><p> int i_;</p><p>};</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>cs get_cs()</p><p>{</p><p> static int i = 0;</p><p> return cs(i++);</p><p>}</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>int main()</p><p>{</p><p> // 鍚堟硶</p><p> (get_cs() = cs(2)).change(323);</p><p> get_cs() = cs(2);// operator=()</p><p> get_cs().change(32);</p><p> </p><p> return 0;</p><p>}</p><p>澶嶅埗浠ｇ爜</p><p>榪欎釜鐗規�у灝戞湁浜涘鎬紝閫氬父鏉ヨ錛宑++涓殑鑷畾涔夌被鍨嬫槸搴旇璁捐鍦板敖閲忓拰鍐呯疆綾誨瀷涓�鏍鋒墠瀵圭殑錛屼絾榪欎釜鐗規�у嵈鍋忓亸榪濊儗浜嗚繖涓師鍒欍�?/p><p> </p><p>瀵逛簬榪欎釜鐗規�э紝鎴戜滑鍏跺疄鍙互榪欐牱鎯籌紝涔熻浼氬ソ鐞嗚В鐐癸細鑷畾涔夌被鍨嬪厑璁告湁鎴愬憳鍑芥暟錛岃�岄�氳繃鍙沖�艱皟鐢ㄦ垚鍛樺嚱鏁版槸琚厑璁哥殑錛屼絾鎴愬憳鍑芥暟鏈夊彲鑳戒笉鏄痗onst綾誨瀷錛屽洜姝ら�氳繃璋冪敤鍙沖�肩殑鎴愬憳鍑芥暟錛屼篃灝卞彲鑳戒細淇敼浜嗚鍙沖�鹼紝done!</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">鍏充簬鍙沖�鹼紝榪樻湁涓�涓渶瑕佹敞鎰忕殑鍦版柟鏄細鍙沖�艱兘琚玞onst綾誨瀷鐨勫紩鐢ㄦ墍鎸囧悜</strong></p><p> </p><p>const cs& ref = get_cs();</p><p>鑰屼笖鍙兘琚玞onst 綾誨瀷鐨剅eference鎵�鎸囧悜錛?/p><p> </p><p>//error </p><p> </p><p>cs& ref = get_cs();</p><p>褰撲竴涓彸鍊艱const reference鎸囧悜鏃訛紝瀹冪殑鐢熷懡鍛ㄦ湡灝辮寤墮暱浜嗭紝榪欎釜鐢ㄦ硶鎴戝湪鍓嶉潰涓�綃囧崥瀹㈤噷璁插埌榪囧畠鐨勭浉鍏沖簲鐢紝鐐硅繖銆?/p><p> </p><p>榪欓噷鏆楄棌閫昏緫鍏跺疄灝辨槸錛氬彸鍊間笉鑳界洿鎺ヨ漿鍖栨垚宸﹀�?浣嗗乏鍊煎彲浠ヨ漿鍖栦負鍙沖�?.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p>涓婇潰鎻愬埌鐨勮繖涓や釜鐗規�э細</p><p> </p><p><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 1)鍏佽璋冪敤鎴愬憳鍑芥暟銆?/strong></p><p> </p><p><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 2)鍙兘琚玞onst reference鎸囧悜銆?/strong></p><p> </p><p>瀵艱嚧浜嗕竴浜涙瘮杈冩湁鎰忔�濈殑緇撴灉錛屾瘮濡傦細</p><p> </p><p>澶嶅埗浠ｇ爜</p><p>void func(cs& c)</p><p>{</p><p> cout << "c:" << c.get_i() << endl;</p><p>}</p><p> </p><p>//error</p><p>func(get_cs());</p><p> </p><p>//姝ｇ‘</p><p>func(get_cs() = get_cs());</p><p>澶嶅埗浠ｇ爜</p><p>鍏朵腑:func(get_cs() = get_cs());鑳藉姝ｇ‘鐨勫師鍥犲氨鍦ㄤ簬錛宑s鐨勬垚鍛樺嚱鏁皁perator=() 榪斿洖鐨勬槸cs&錛?/p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p>涓嶅厑璁擱潪const reference 寮曠敤rvalue騫朵笉鏄畬緹庣殑錛屽畠浜嬪疄涓婁篃寮曡搗浜嗕竴浜涢棶棰橈紝姣斿璇存嫹璐濇瀯閫犲嚱鏁扮殑鎺ュ彛涓嶄竴鑷翠簡錛岃繖鏄粈涔堟剰鎬濆憿錛?/p><p> </p><p>澶嶅埗浠ｇ爜</p><p>class cs</p><p>{</p><p> public:</p><p> </p><p> cs& operator=(const cs& c);</p><p>};</p><p> </p><p>// 鍙︿竴縐嶅啓娉?/p><p>class cs2</p><p>{</p><p> public:</p><p> </p><p> cs2& operator=(cs2& c);</p><p>};</p><p>澶嶅埗浠ｇ爜</p><p>涓婇潰涓ょ鍐欐硶鐨勪笉鍚屼箣澶勫氨鍦ㄤ簬鍙傛暟錛屼竴涓槸const reference錛屼竴涓槸闈瀋onst.</p><p> </p><p>閫氬父鏉ヨ錛屽鏋滀笉闇�瑕佷慨鏀逛紶榪涙潵鐨勫弬鏁幫紝鎴戜滑寰�寰�灝辨寜const reference鐨勫啓娉曪紝浣嗗浜巆opy constructor鏉ヨ錛岀粡甯告槸闇�瑕佷慨鏀瑰弬鏁扮殑鍊鹼紝姣斿auto_ptr銆?/p><p> </p><p>澶嶅埗浠ｇ爜</p><p>// 綾諱技auto_ptr</p><p>class auto_ptr</p><p>{</p><p> public:</p><p> </p><p> auto_ptr(auto_tr& p)</p><p> {</p><p> ptr_ = p.ptr_;</p><p> p.ptr_ = NULL;</p><p> }</p><p> </p><p> private:</p><p> </p><p> void* ptr_;</p><p>};</p><p>澶嶅埗浠ｇ爜</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>鎵�浠ワ紝瀵逛簬auto_ptr鏉ヨ錛屽畠鐨刢opy constructor浼犵殑鍙傛暟鏄痭on const reference銆?/p><p> </p><p>榪欎釜縐嶅啓娉曟湰鏉ュ簲璇ヨ榧撳姳鐨勶紝non const reference姣攃onst reference鏇磋兘鐏墊椿搴斿鍚勭鎯呭喌錛屼粠鑰屼繚鎸佷竴鑷寸殑鎺ュ彛綾誨瀷銆?/p><p> </p><p>浣嗗鏋滄嫹璐濇瀯閫犲嚱鏁板啓鎴愯繖鏍峰瓙錛屽嵈鍙堝rvalue鐨勪嬌鐢ㄥ甫鏉ヤ簡鏋佸ぇ鐨勪笉鍙橈紝濡傚墠闈㈡墍璁茬殑渚嬪瓙錛宺value涓嶈兘琚玭on const reference鎵�寮曠敤錛屾墍浠ュ儚auto_ptr鐨勮繖鏍風殑copy constructor灝變笉鑳戒紶鍏value.</p><p> </p><p>//閿欒</p><p>auto_ptr p(get_ptr());</p><p> </p><p>// operator=() 鍚岀悊錛岄敊璇�?/p><p>auto_ptr p = get_ptr();</p><p>榪欎篃鏄痑uto_ptr寰堜笉濂界敤鐨勫叾涓竴涓師鍥犮�?/p><p> </p><p><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">涓轟簡瑙ｅ喅榪欎釜闂錛宑++11涓紩鍏ヤ簡涓�縐嶆柊鐨勫紩鐢ㄧ被鍨嬶紝璇ョ寮曠敤綾誨瀷鏄笓闂ㄧ敤鏉ユ寚鍚憆value鐨勶紝鏈変簡榪欑鏂扮被鍨嬶紝鍦╟++11涓紝lvalue 鍜宺value鐨勫紩鐢ㄧ被鍨嬩粠姝ゅ尯鍒嗕簡寮�鏉ワ紝鑰屽湪涔嬪墠錛屽畠浠槸涓�鏍風殑銆?/strong></p><p> </p><p><br/></p></div>
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